Allergic rhinitis is irritation and swelling in the nose. It is caused by an overreaction of the immune system. An allergen, something that should be harmless, is inhaled through the nose. The allergen triggers mast cells to release histamine. This leads to swelling of blood vessels and tissue that lines the nose and sinuses. This starts a chain of events that cause:

• Runny or itchy nose
• Watery, itchy, or red eyes
• Sneezing
• Coughing

The most common allergens come from grasses, trees, weeds, or animals.

Allergic Rhinitis With Severe Swelling of the Nasal Tissues Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Types of Allergic Rhinitis

There are 2 types:

• Seasonal—Happens mainly in the spring, summer, or early fall. Causes are from grasses, trees, weeds, or mold spores in the air.
• Perennial—Happens year-round. Common causes are dust mites, cockroaches, animal dander, or mold spores. Food allergies may also cause this type of allergic rhinitis.

Problems Linked to Allergic Rhinitis

Allergies are mild but annoying in most. It can cause or worsen:

• Asthma
• Ear infections
• Sinus pain or infection
• Sore throats
• Irritability
• Feeling tired
• Dark circles under the eyes
• Headache
• Pink eye

• What are the risk factors for allergic rhinitis?
• What are the symptoms of allergic rhinitis?
• How is allergic rhinitis diagnosed?
• What are the treatments for allergic rhinitis?
• Are there screening tests for allergic rhinitis?
• How can I reduce my risk of allergic rhinitis?
• What questions should I ask my doctor?
• Where can I get more information about allergic rhinitis?