Definition

An intrauterine device (IUD) is inserted in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are 2 types:

• Hormone-releasing—effective for 3 to 5 years
• Copper—effective for 10 years

Most women can become pregnant when the device is removed.

Intrauterine Device

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Reasons for Procedure

An IUD is inserted to prevent pregnancy. The hormone-releasing IUD may also help to treat:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Painful periods
• Endometrial hyperplasia—an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus

Possible Complications

Problems are rare, but all procedures have some risk. The doctor will go over some problems that could happen, such as:

• The IUD slipping out of the uterus or vagina
• Pelvic inflammatory disease
• Damage to nearby organs
• Pelvic infection (rare)

There is a chance that you can get pregnant with IUD. This may cause problems, such as miscarriage, premature labor, or delivery. The fetus may also develop outside the uterus. This is called an ectopic pregnancy.

IUDs are safe for most women. A history of certain infections or illnesses may raise the risk of problems. IUDs may also not be safe for women with certain cancers, such as cervical, liver, or breast cancer.

A copper IUD may not be a good choice for women with:

• An allergy to copper
• Wilson disease

What to Expect

Description of the Procedure

You will lie on an exam table with your feet in footrests. A tool will be inserted into the vagina to make space. The cervix and vagina will be cleaned.

The T-shaped IUD will be folded and placed into a tube. The tube will be passed through the vagina to the uterus. The IUD will be released in the uterus. This may cause some cramping or pain. The IUD will open and sit in the upper part of the uterus. A thin string will hang down from the device into the vagina. The tube and tools will be removed.

Insertion of IUD Into Uterus

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Call Your Doctor

Call the doctor if you are not getting better or you have:

• Periods that are heavy or last longer than usual
• Severe belly pain or cramping
• A change in the length of the strings or cannot feel strings with your fingers
• An IUD that is passing through your cervix or has come out
• Unusual discharge from the vagina
• Pain during sex
• Signs of infection, such as fever and chills
• Signs of pregnancy, such as nausea and vomiting or tender breasts