Definition

Varicocele is a widening of blood vessels in the scrotum. The scrotum is the pouch that contains the testes in males.

Varicocele

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Causes

Most blood normally flows out of the scrotum through a main vein. A series of valves helps the blood move through the veins. If a valve is not working well blood can backup in the vein and stretch it out. Over time the vein widens because of the constant pressure.

Risk Factors

Varicoceles typically develop in males 15-25 years old.

Symptoms

You will be able to see or feel a varicocele. It is an enlarged or twisted vein in the scrotum. It may become larger when standing or straining. You may also see shrinkage of the testicles.

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor can make the diagnosis based on the physical exam.

An ultrasound may be done if complications are expected.

Treatment

Treatment is not required in all cases.

Treatment may be done to block off the faulty vein and allow blood to flow out through other veins.

• Open surgery—The vein is surgically cut and tied off.
• Catheter ablation—Heat is applied through a catheter to destroy the vein.
• Catheter embolization—A substance is placed in the vein to block it.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent varicoceles.