Definition

Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection is caused by a bacterium. It is the leading cause of bloody diarrhea.

Causes

This infection is caused by some types of the E. coli bacteria. Most E. coli infections are caused by:

• Eating undercooked beef, especially ground beef
• Drinking contaminated water
• Drinking unpasteurized milk
• Working with cattle

Digestive Pathway Through Stomach and Intestines

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Risk Factors

This condition is more common in children and older adults.

Other factors that increase your chances of an E. coli infection:

• Contact with people with another illness
• Working with cattle
• Living in northern states

Symptoms

Symptoms of E. coli infection include:

• Abdominal cramps
• Watery diarrhea
• Dehydration
• Fatigue
• Bright red, bloody stools
• Mild fever
• Nausea or vomiting

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your waste material may be tested. This can be done with a stool culture.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. Treatment options include:

Treatment for Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

HUS is a life-threatening condition. It occurs in some people with E. coli infection. HUS may need to be treated with blood transfusions and kidney dialysis. Symptoms may include:

• Pale complexion, tiredness, and irritability
• Small, unexplained bruises, or bleeding from the nose or mouth—caused by problems in the body’s clotting mechanism

Hemodialysis

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Prevention

To help reduce your chances of an E. coli infection:

• Cook all ground beef and hamburger thoroughly.
• Avoid eating undercooked hamburger or other ground beef.
• Keep raw meats separate from ready-to-eat foods.
• Wash hands, counters, and utensils with hot soapy water after they are exposed to raw meat.
• Drink only pasteurized milk, juice, and cider.
• Wash fruits and vegetables under running water.
• Drink municipal water that has been treated with a disinfectant.
• Wash hands after bowel movements and after changing soiled diapers.