Definition

Rubella is an upper respiratory infection most known for its red rash.

Rubella Rash

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Causes

It is caused by a virus passed from person to person through tiny droplets in the air.

Risk Factors

Things that may raise your risk are:

• Never having rubella before
• Never getting a shot to block rubella

Symptoms

Many people do not have symptoms. They are mild in those who do, such as:

• Red, spotty rash all over the body which starts on the face 14-18 days after being around the virus
• Feeling tired
• Swollen glands
• Reddened face
• Red throat that is not sore
• Fever
• Headache
• Achy joints and arthritis, common in adults and may last for a month or more

Upper respiratory symptoms and fatigue are first, followed by the rash.

If a mother has rubella during the first 3 months, the baby may be miscarried or stillborn. Or they may be born with severe birth defects known as congenital rubella syndrome. This can cause:

• Intellectual disability and behavior problems
• Hearing problems
• Vision abnormalities, blindness, and cataracts
• Heart defects
• Increased risk of diabetes throughout early life

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. Blood tests will be done.

Treatment

There is no treatment. Pain relievers may help ease pain.

Prevention

The shot is often given with:

• Measles and mumps vaccine (MMR)
• Measles, mumps, and varicella vaccine (MMRV)

It is given at age 12 to 15 months and again at age 4 to 6 years of age. If you or your child hasn’t been vaccinated, talk to the doctor.

Women who aren’t sure if they have been vaccinated should be tested. This is critical if they have high risk jobs, such as:

• Healthcare workers
• Teachers
• Childcare workers