Definition

A rib fracture is a break in a rib bone.

Multiple Rib Fractures with Damage to Lung

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Causes

Some causes are:

• A direct blow to the rib, such as from a motor vehicle accident or contact sports
• Repetitive trauma from sports such as rowing and golfing
• Crushing of the chest, such as from having CPR
• Severe coughing

Risk Factors

Things that may raise the risk of rib fracture are:

• Playing contact sports
• Doing activities with repetitive upper body movement, such as rowing, golf, and some jobs
• Having a chronic cough

Symptoms

Symptoms may be:

• Pain, often when breathing or coughing
• Swelling and bruising
• Problems breathing

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. You will also be asked how the injury happened. An exam will be done that focuses on your chest, lungs, and back.

Images will be taken of your chest. This can be done with:

• Chest x-ray
• CT scan
• Ultrasound

Treatment

It can take three to six weeks for a rib fracture to heal. The goals of treatment are to manage pain and support the bone as it heals. Options may be:

• Medicine to ease swelling and pain
• A chest binder to keep the bone in place it heals
• Exercises to help with muscle strength and range of motion will be needed.

Prevention

Most fractures are due to accidents. To lower the risk:

• Wear a seat belt when you are in a motor vehicle.
• Wear protective equipment, such as rib pads, when playing contact sports.