Pulmonary Contusion
How to Say It: Pull-mo-nair-e Con-too-zhun
Definition
A pulmonary contusion is a bruise -like injury to the lungs. Early treatment can improve outcomes and avoid complications, such as a collapsed lung.
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Causes
This problem is caused by a direct blow or trauma from:
- Falls
- A motor vehicle accident
- Gunshot wounds
Risk Factors
Things that may raise the risk of this problem are:
- Playing contact sports
- Not wearing a seatbelt
- Health problems that may cause falls
- Being around violence
- Side effects from medicines, such as blood thinners
Symptoms
Problems may not start until 24 to 48 hours after the injury. A person may have chest pain and problems breathing.
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. You will be asked how your injury happened. A physical exam will be done.
Blood tests will be done to look for signs of internal bleeding.
Images may be taken of the chest to look for damage to lung tissue or other chest structures. This can be done with:
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the severity of the injury and other injuries you may also have. Emergency care may be needed.
The goal of treatment is to ease pain and improve breathing. Options are:
- Medicine to ease pain
- Oxygen therapy to improve the amount of oxygen in the blood
- Mechanical ventilation to take over or support breathing if the lung is severely damaged
Prevention
It is hard to prevent problems that happen due to accidents. Healthy bones and muscles may prevent injuries from falls. Other things that may help lower the risk of this problem are:
- Wearing appropriate safety equipment when playing contact sports
- Wearing a seatbelt when in a motor vehicle
RESOURCES:
American College of Chest Physicians
http://www.chestnet.org
Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians
http://familydoctor.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Health Canada
https://www.canada.ca
Trauma Association of Canada
http://www.traumacanada.org
REFERENCES:
Pulmonary contusion. Merck Manual Professional Version website. Available at: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/injuries-poisoning/thoracic-trauma/pulmonary-contusion. Accessed August 20, 2021.
Pulmonary contusion. Radiopaedia.org website. Available at: https://radiopaedia.org/articles/pulmonary-contusion. Accessed August 20, 2021.
Pulmonary contusion. University of Connecticut—Korey Stringer Institute website. Available at: http://ksi.uconn.edu/emergency-conditions/internal-trauma/pulmonary-contusion. Accessed August 20, 2021.
Pulmonary contusion—emergency management. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/management/pulmonary-contusion-emergency-management. Accessed August 20, 2021.
Last reviewed July 2021 by EBSCO Medical Review Board James Cornell, MD Last Updated: 8/20/2021