Definition

Central cord syndrome (CCS) is an incomplete injury of the part of the spinal cord that is in the neck. This results in weakness in the arms and hands. Sometimes the legs are also affected.

Spinal Cord

Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

CCS happens after an injury that hyperextends the neck. This damages nerve fibers that bring message from the brain to the body. Some causes are:

• Trauma, such as a car accident, sports injuries, and falls (most common)
• Wear and tear of the spine due to aging
• Abnormal structure of the spine
• Tethered cord syndrome—abnormal attachment of the spinal cord to tissue around the spine
• Osteoporosis—weakened bones
• Spinal arthroplasties

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in men. It is also more common in older adults with spinal health problems, such as osteoporosis.

Symptoms

Problems may be:

• Trouble lifting the arms and hands
• Numbness and tingling
• Problems with fine motor control, such as buttoning a shirt
• Muscle weakness in the legs
• Problems walking
• Loss of bladder control

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. A neurological exam may also be done.

Images may be taken of the spine. These can be done with:

• MRI scan
• CT scan
• Myelogram
• X-ray

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms. Choices are:

• Physical therapy to improve strength, flexibility, and range of motion
• Occupational therapy to help with daily tasks and self-care
• Medicine to ease pain and swelling

Some people may need surgery if there is a large compression of the spinal cord fibers.

Prevention

CCS is often caused by injury or accident. These are hard to prevent.