Definition

Non-infective endocarditis is the growth of blood clots on the valves and inner walls of the heart. They can damage the heart. The growths can also break off and block blood flow in the brain, lungs, or other areas of the body.

Causes

This condition is often caused by health problems that:

• Let the blood clot too easily
• Damage areas of the heart valve—such as an illness or birth defect

Blood Flow through the Heart

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Risk Factors

Non-infective endocarditis is most common in those aged 30 to 70 years old. Things that raise the risk are:

• Cancer
• Blood clotting problems such as disseminated intravascular coagulation
• A bloodstream infection
• HIV infection
• Immune system problems such as systemic lupus erythematosus

Symptoms

Endocarditis itself does not cause symptoms. Growths that have broken off can block the flow of blood. This can cause symptoms. Examples are symptoms of a heart attack or stroke.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The doctor may test for endocarditis—if there have been problems with blood clots.

Diagnosis is based on tests, such as:

• Blood tests—to check for infection or clot issues
• Echocardiogram—to view heart and heart valves
• Biopsy—the growth is removed and tested

Treatment

The goal is to stop the growth of more clots. This will help to prevent problems like a stroke. Medicine can make it harder for blood to clot. This can stop clots, but also increase the risk of bleeding.

Problems that raise the risk of blood clots will also need to be treated.

Prevention

There are no known guidelines to prevent this condition.