Definition

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that make it hard for a child's body to control movement. It appears in the first few years of life.

Causes

CP is caused by abnormal development or damage to parts of the brain that control movement. This may happen before, during, or after birth.

Risk Factors

CP is more common in premature and low-birth-weight babies. It is also more common in multiple births, such as twins or triplets. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Infection in the membranes and fluid around the fetus
• Injury to the brain from lack of oxygen
• A bacterial infection in the blood of an infant
• Inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord

Symptoms

Problems are different in each child. They may also change over time. The first sign is often when a child does not meet a milestone, such as rolling over. Signs often appear in children before 3 years of age.

These common problems may be mild or severe:

• Problems swallowing
• Moving the body without control
• Stiff or floppy muscles
• Problems walking or standing
• Learning problems
• Speech problems
• Tremors

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your child's symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The child's motor skills and reflexes will be tested.

Images of the brain may be taken. This can be done with an:

• MRI scan
• CT scan

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Treatment

There is no cure for CP. The goal is to help the child reach his or her fullest ability. A child will need care from pediatricians, specialists, physical therapists, and counselors. Common treatments are:

Prevention

A pregnant mother may be able to lower the risk of CP by:

• Getting medical care early and often
• Managing chronic illnesses
• Getting enough fluids
• Not using alcohol and drugs