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Fecal Occult Blood Test

(FOBT; Stool Occult Blood Test)

by Cynthia M. Johnson, MA

• Definition • Reasons for Test • Possible Complications • What to Expect • Call Your Doctor
En Español (Spanish Version)
 

Definition

A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) looks for blood in the stool.

 

Reasons for Test    TOP

The test is done to screen for colon and rectal cancers. It may also be done to look for causes of belly pain, diarrhea, vomiting, or lack of hunger.

Colon Cancer in the Rectal Wall

Rectal cancer

Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

 

Possible Complications    TOP

There are no major problems linked to having this test.

 

What to Expect    TOP

Prior to Test

Your care team may meet with you to talk about:

  • Current medicines, herbs, and supplements that you take and whether you need to stop taking them before the test
  • Avoiding certain foods in the days leading up to the test
  • Not having the test during a menstrual cycle
  • Waiting until any hemorrhoids that you may have are no longer bleeding
  • Not using toilet bowl cleaners in the days before taking the test

Description of Test

This test is often done at home using a kit. The kit will have instructions.

Use the instructions to set up the kit when you are ready to have a bowel movement. The kit should allow you to collect 3 samples. Some kits have a disposable container that can be used to pass the bowel movement into. Other kits have tissue paper or plastic wrap that can be put in the toilet to keep the stool from getting into the water.

You can also turn off the water valve to the toilet tank and flush the toilet a couple of times. This will empty most of the water out of the toilet bowl. Pass the stool into the bowl when you are ready. Collect the sample and turn the water back on.

Pick up a sample of small stool using the thin wooden sticks in the kit. Smear the stool onto the card. Fold the card over to protect the stool sample.

After Test    TOP

The card may need to be mailed or brought into a clinic. Make sure your name is on each card.

How Long Will It Take?    TOP

The test should only take a few minutes.

Will It Hurt?    TOP

This test will not hurt.

Results    TOP

If blood is found in your stool, you may need more tests. These tests will help to find out the cause of the bleeding.

 

Call Your Doctor    TOP

Call your doctor if you have new or worsening symptoms.

If you think you have an emergency, call for medical help right away.

RESOURCES:

Family Doctor—American Academy of Family Physicians
https://familydoctor.org

National Institute on Aging
https://www.nia.nih.gov

CANADIAN RESOURCES:

Canadian Digestive Health Foundation
http://www.cdhf.ca

Health Canada
https://www.canada.ca

REFERENCES:

Colorectal cancer screening. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: https://www.dynamed.com/prevention/colorectal-cancer-screening. Accessed December 4, 2020.

Colorectal cancer screening tests. American Cancer Society website. Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/screening-tests-used.html. Accessed December 4, 2020.

Fecal immunochemical test and fecal occult blood test. Lab Tests Online—American Association for Clinical Chemistry website. Available at: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/fecal-occult-blood-test-and-fecal-immunochemical-test. Accessed December 4, 2020.

Saito S, Tajiri H, et al. Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum: Endoscopic features including image enhanced endoscopy. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Jul 25;7(9):860-871.



Last reviewed December 2020 by EBSCO Medical Review Board Marcin Chwistek, MD
Last Updated: 6/22/2021

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