Definition

Neonatal sepsis is a bacterial infection in the blood. Early-onset sepsis develops in the first 2 to 3 days after birth. Late-onset sepsis develops within 3 to 7 days after birth.

Spread of Infection Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes    TOP

Neonatal sepsis is caused by bacteria.

Early-onset sepsis is caused by an infection from the mother. It may pass to the infant from the placenta or birth canal during birth. Late-onset sepsis is caused by bacteria from the healthcare environment.

Risk Factors    TOP

This problem is more common in babies that are:

• Male
• Born very early
• Born with a low birth weight

Other things that may raise the risk are:

• A mother whose water broke more than 18 hours before giving birth
• Group B streptococcal bacteria in the mother's vaginal or rectal areas
• Babies that need early care, such as a catheter

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms may be:

• Fever or many changes in temperature
• Problems feeding
• Fussiness
• Lack of energy
• A high-pitched cry
• Yellow, blue, or pale skin
• Bruising or bleeding
• Cool, clammy skin
• Skin rashes
• Fast breathing, problems breathing, or periods of no breathing
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Swollen belly
• Little or no urination
• Tremors

Diagnosis    TOP

You will be asked about your baby's symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

These tests will be done to look for signs of infection:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• Lumbar puncture to check the fluid around the brain and spinal cord
• Respiratory secretion testing

Treatment    TOP

Treatment depends on how severe the problem is. It may include:

• Antibiotics to treat infection
• Supportive care, such as IV fluids
• Oxygen or breathing support

Prevention    TOP

Neonatal sepsis may be prevented by good prenatal care. This includes controlling any bacteria in the mother before it is spread during pregnancy or birth.