Definition

Fecal impaction is when stool cannot exit the body.

The Digestive Pathway

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Causes

Stool may not be able to exit the body if it is too large, hard and dry, and/or the intestinal muscles are too weak.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chances of fecal impaction:

• Long-term constipation
• Withholding bowel movements—a common cause in children
• The use of certain medications such as pain medication or medications used to treat diarrhea
• Long-term use of laxatives, especially if they are stopped too quickly
• Inactivity
• A diet that is low in fiber
• Medical conditions that make bowel movements difficult

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Having to push harder or inability to have a bowel movement
• Having fewer bowel movements than usual that may consist of small amounts of hard, dry stool
• Pain in the back and/or abdomen
• Leaking stool or sudden episodes of watery diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal swelling
• Urinating more or less often
• Difficulty breathing
• Rapid heartbeat
• Lightheadedness
• Confusion

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. This may include a rectal exam. Blood tests may also be needed.

Images of your abdomen may be needed to see how severe the impaction is. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• Sigmoidoscopy

The tension on the anal sphincter may also be measured. The sphincter is a small muscle that holds feces in or allows it to pass out.

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include:

Prevention

To help return your bowel function to normal and prevent future problems:

• Eat plenty of fiber-rich foods.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Exercise regularly.
• Take stool softeners as advised by your doctor.
• Try to train your bowels by trying to have a bowel movement at the same time each day.
• Go to the bathroom as soon as you have the urge.
• Keep track of your bowel movements so you know if you are becoming constipated.