Definition

Tarlov cysts are abnormal sacs of spinal fluid that usually form around spinal root nerve fibers at the lower end of the spine, which is called the sacrum.

Sacrum Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

The cause of a Tarlov cyst is unknown, but may be due to abnormal development of the nerve sheath.

Risk Factors

Although gender may not be a risk factor, Tarlov cysts have more often been found in women than men.

Tarlov cysts may be linked to connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Marfan syndrome.

Symptoms

Most of the time, Tarlov cysts do not cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are associated with nerve root compression and may include:

• Pain in the lower back, buttocks, legs and feet, vagina, rectum, or abdomen
• Weakness, cramping, or numbness in the buttocks, legs, and feet
• Abnormal sensations in the legs and feet, or less commonly in the arms and hands
• Nerve pain such as tingling or sciatica
• Loss of sensation on the skin
• Pain when coughing or sneezing
• Headaches
• Swelling, soreness, or tenderness around the lower end of the spine
• Pain when sitting or standing
• Bladder or bowel dysfunction
• Sexual dysfunction
• Pulling and burning feeling in the tailbone
• Loss of reflexes

If you have a Tarlov cyst, the following may cause it to become painful or cause other symptoms:

• Traumatic injury such as a fall, automobile accident
• Heavy lifting
• Childbirth
• Epidural anesthesia
• Growth of the cyst

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Depending on your symptoms, you may need to see a specialist. Your doctor will also look for other conditions that could be causing symptoms.

Images may be taken of your bodily structures. This can be done with:

• MRI scan
• CT scan
• Myelogram

Treatment

If you are experiencing symptoms, talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options may include:

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent a Tarlov cyst.