Definition

Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection that causes pus to collect in the body. The type depends on where it starts:

• Jaw
• Lungs
• Abdomen
• Uterus

Rarely, the infection can spread from one place in the body to another.

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Causes

Certain bacteria cause actinomycosis. They are normal in the mouth and sometimes in the bowels. They get into the body through breaks in the tissues. Tooth decay causes infections in the mouth and jaw. This is the most common type.

Risk Factors

Your chances of this infection are higher if you:

• Are male
• Have dental problems or had dental work
• Draw in saliva, food, or drink into your lungs
• Have long-lasting lung disease
• Had bowel surgery
• Have problems with an intrauterine device (IUD)
• Have diabetes
• Have weak immunity
• Are malnourished

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the where the infection starts. These may involve:

• Swelling in the mouth, neck, or jaw
• Pus that has tiny, yellowish specks
• Pus that drains through the skin
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Cough—with or without phlegm or blood
• Swelling or a firm mass in the abdomen—mainly in the lower part

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. You may have:

• A physical exam
• Testing of fluids, pus, or phlegm
• A biopsy

Treatment

Antibiotics treat the infection. Care also involves draining the infection site.

It’s common for the infection to come back, even after getting care.

Prevention

Taking care of your mouth and teeth are the best way to lower your chances of infection. This involves:

• Brushing your teeth twice a day
• Flossing daily
• Replacing your toothbrush every 3-4 months