Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
(PMDD)
Pronounced: PRE-men-strawl dis-FOR-ick dis-OR-der
by Diana Kohnle
Definition
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) occurs just prior to menstruation and is characterized by significant:
- Depression
- Irritability
- Tension
PMDD is much more severe and less common than PMS.
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase the risk of PMDD include:
- Having hormonal changes
- Having a family history of PMDD
- Experiencing a lot of stress or a traumatic life event
- Having depression or another mental health condition
Microscopic View of Hormone Receptor
Menstruation causes many hormonal changes, which may play a role in PMDD.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Symptoms
Symptoms include:
- Extreme sadness
- Frequent crying
- Irritability
- Anxiety
- Unusually strong cravings for certain foods
- Difficulty concentrating or paying attention
- Insomnia
- Panic attacks
- Mood swings
- Fatigue or lack of energy
- Physical symptoms (eg, sore breasts, headaches, joint or muscle pain, swelling, bloating)
Symptoms typically begin 10-14 days prior to the start of menstruation.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will diagnose PMDD based on your symptoms. You may be asked to keep a record of when your symptoms occur and how severe they are.
Your doctor may also order:
- Blood tests
- Tests to check hormone levels
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Lifestyle Changes
These steps can help manage symptoms of PMDD:
- Exercise throughout the week.
- Get plenty of rest.
- Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine.
- Learn stress management techniques.
- Improve your sleep habits.
Medications
Your doctor may recommend:
- Antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs])
- Oral contraceptives
- Nutritional supplements
Prevention
To reduce your chance of PMDD, take these steps:
- Get plenty of exercise and rest.
- Eat a well-balanced diet.
- Manage stress.
RESOURCES:
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
http://www.acog.org/
Women's Health.gov
http://www.womenshealth.gov/
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Health Canada
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/index_e.html/
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada
http://www.sogc.org/index_e.asp
REFERENCES:
PMS and PMDD. Mass General Hospital Center for Women's Health website. Available at: http://www.womensm... . Accessed August 14, 2012.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Family Doctor.org website. Available at: http://familydocto... . Updated August 2010. Accessed August 14, 2012.
Premenstrual syndrome. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/ . Updated June 14, 2012. Accessed August 14, 2012.
Last reviewed September 2012 by Andrea Chisholm
Last Updated: 09/12/2012