Dependent Personality Disorder
Definition
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by dependent and submissive behavior. The person often defers the majority or all decision-making to someone else. People with this type of personality disorder are not aware that their thoughts and behaviors are inappropriate.
Causes
It is not clear what causes personality disorders, but it is likely a combination of genetic (inherited) factors and a person's environment.
The Central Nervous System
A personality disorder is most likely a combination of chemical or electrical imbalances in the brain and a reaction to traumatic personal experiences.
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Risk Factors
A risk factor is something that increases your chance of acquiring a disease or condition.
Factors that increase the risk of dependent personality disorder include:
- Age: early adulthood
- Gender: female
- Major depression
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Panic disorder
- Social phobia
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Alcohol abuse or dependence
- Early childhood parental loss
- Child abuse or neglect
- Chronic physical illness during childhood
Symptoms
Symptoms of dependent personality disorder may include:
- Anxiety
- Irrational fear
- Relying on others for guidance, decision-making, reassurance, and advice
- Excessive sensitivity to criticism
- A strong fear of rejection
- Perception of oneself as powerless
Diagnosis
You will likely be referred to a psychiatrist or other mental health professional. You will be asked about your symptoms. A mental and medical health history will be taken. A diagnosis will be made after a complete psychiatric assessment that rules out other disorders.
Treatment
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Counseling
Counseling may be beneficial for people with dependent personality disorder. Counseling sessions focus on learning how to manage your anxiety and be more assertive.
Medications
In some cases, medications, such as tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or alprazolam, may help manage symptoms. For most patients, medications only provide a minimal amount of symptom relief.
Other Treatments
Other treatments, such as group therapy and social skills training, can help you manage symptoms.
RESOURCES:
Mental Health America
http://www.nmha.org
National Institute of Mental Health
http://www.nimh.nih.gov
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
Canadian Mental Health Association
http://www.cmha.ca
Canadian Psychiatric Association
http://www.cpa-apc.org
REFERENCES:
Bornstein RF. From dysfunction to adaptation: an interactionist model of dependency. Annu Rev Clin Psychol . 2012;8:291-316.
Dependent personality disorder. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed . Accessed December 15, 2011. Updated October 11, 2012.
Personality disorders. Mental Health America website. Available at: http://www.nmha.or... . Accessed October 11 ,2012.
Last reviewed September 2012 by Rimas Lukas, MD
Last Updated: 09/30/2012