Definition

A finger fracture is a break in any of the bones in a finger. Each finger consists of three bones called the phalanges. The thumb has only two phalanges.

Finger Fracture Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

A finger fracture is caused by trauma to the finger. Trauma includes:

• Falls
• Blows
• Collisions
• Severe twists

Risk Factors    TOP

A risk factor is something that increases your chance of getting an injury.

General risk factors for fractures include:

• Advancing age
• Post-menopause
• Osteoporosis
• Poor nutrition
• Certain congenital bone conditions
• Participating in contact sports
• Violence

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms include:

• Pain, often severe
• Swelling and tenderness
• Inability to move finger without pain or difficulty
• Possible deformity at fracture site

Diagnosis    TOP

The doctor will ask about your symptoms, your physical activity, and how the injury occurred. The injured finger will be examined. The doctor may order x-rays of the finger to determine which bones are broken and the type of fracture.

Treatment    TOP

Treatment will depend on the severity of the injury. Treatment involves:

• Putting the pieces of the bone back in place, which in some cases may require anesthesia and/or surgery
• Keeping the pieces together while the bone heals itself

The doctor will put the bones back into place. This is usually done without surgery. However, if your fracture is severe, you may need pins, screws, or small plates to hold the bones in place. Each of these will require surgery. Pins may only require minor surgery, performed under local anesthesia.

Your finger will be put in a splint or cast to hold your finger motionless and to protect it. You will need to wear the splint or cast as long as your doctor recommends (usually 3-6 weeks). Your doctor may order x-rays during the healing time to ensure that the bones have not shifted position.

If you are diagnosed with a finger fracture, follow your doctor's instructions.

Prevention    TOP

To help prevent finger fractures:

• Do not put yourself at risk for trauma to the fingers:
  • Learn to practice correct technique in sports. Wear proper padding and safety equipment when participating in sports or physical activities.
• Eat a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
• Do weight-bearing and upper body-strengthening exercises to build strong bones.