Definition

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is swelling and irritation of the intestines. This can cause a range of symptoms including abdominal discomfort and problems breaking down food. Two forms of of IBD are:

• Crohn's disease
• Ulcerative colitis

IBD is a lifelong illness. The symptoms may be constant or occur during flare-ups. There is no cure for IBD but treatments can help control symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause of IBD is not known. Some believe IBD may be the result of:

• Inherited genetics (may be a family history of IBD)
• Reaction to a virus or bacteria that damages the colon and rectum
• Compromised immune system or infection that affects the immune system

Risk Factors    TOP

The following factors increase your chance of developing IBD:

• Having a family member with IBD
• Being Caucasian or of northern European ancestry
• Being of Jewish ancestry (increases the risk of certain types of IBD)
• Having problems with the immune system

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms depend on the type of IBD, but common symptoms may include:

• Abdominal pain and cramping
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss and loss of appetite
• Bleeding from the intestines
• Ulcers in the intestines
• Inflammation of the rectum
• Draining around the rectum
• Bloating or feeling of fullness
• Gas
• Bloody diarrhea
• Abdominal sounds (eg, gurgling)
• Nausea and vomiting
• Joint pain

Diagnosis    TOP

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor may need images of the intestines to look for swelling and irritation or other conditions. Image may be taken with:

• Upper GI endoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• Barium enema
• X-ray
• Capsule endoscopy

Your doctor may also look for signs of infection through:

• Blood tests
• Stool culture

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Treatment    TOP

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:

Prevention    TOP

Since the cause is not clear, there are no known prevention steps.