Definition ^

A sprain is an injury that damages a ligament. Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that connect bones to each other.

Sprain: Grade 2

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Causes ^

A sprain is when a force pushes the bones of a joint apart. If the force is strong enough, the ligament comes apart.

Risk Factors ^

Sprains can happen with everyday activities, but they are more common during sports. Sports with high speeds and risk of impact have a greater risk of sprains. These sports are:

• Basketball
• Football
• Skiing
• Gymnastics

Here are some factors that may raise your risk:

• Muscle weakness
• Lack of flexibility
• Coordination and balance problems
• Sudden change in direction
• Impact with object or other person
• Misstep that causes a sudden strain at a joint

Symptoms ^

Having a sprain may cause:

• Pain right away after the sprain—without care, the pain becomes worse over the next 24 hours
• A popping sound
• Local swelling, often within minutes
• Bruising
• Trouble moving the joint
• Increased pain when putting pressure on the problem area

The most common joints that get sprained are:

• Ankle
• Knee
• Thumb or finger joints
• Shoulder

Diagnosis ^

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

Pictures may be needed. This will help check for damage to bones or other structures. This may be done with:

• X-ray
• MRI scan

Sprains are graded from 1 to 3:

• Grade 1—Some stretching with micro-tearing of ligaments
• Grade 2—Partial tearing of ligaments
• Grade 3—Complete tearing of ligaments

Treatment ^

Treatment will depend on the joint involved and how much it is injured. Talk with your doctor about the best plan for you. It may mean:

Prevention ^

It may be hard to avoid sprains. Joints are at risk during sports. To lower your chance of getting a sprain:

• Use proper techniques to help avoid awkward motions and missteps.
• Do flexibility, strength, and fitness training.