Definition

Bronchospasm is a narrowing of the airways after contact with a trigger. Bronchospasm is a symptom, not a diagnosis. The overreaction of the airway to a trigger may be called reactive airway disease. It is a term that may be used for a 1-time event or as a holder until a diagnosis can be made.

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Causes

The narrow airway is caused by a spasm of muscles around the airway, swelling, and increased mucus. It is triggered by allergens, infections, cold air, or chemicals. The exact trigger varies from person to person.

It is not clear what causes the tissue to overreact. It may be a combination of things in environment, genetics, and biology.

Risk Factors

The risk of bronchospasm is higher in children with:

• Family history of reactive airway disease or asthma
• History of allergies
• Obesity

Symptoms

Bronchospasm can cause:

• Coughing
• Tightness in the chest
• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Hard time breathing

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about child’s symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done.

Tests may be done to look for possible allergies. Other tests will be done to look for possible causes including infections or lung issues. Asthma may be diagnosed if symptoms last for more than 6 months.

Treatment

Medicine can help to ease swelling when symptoms are present. One or more of these may be used:

• Bronchodilators to open the airways
• Corticosteroids to ease inflammation
• Mast cell stabilizers or leukotriene inhibitors to prevent inflammation

Prevention

It is not clear why some people have this reaction. This means there are no steps to prevent it.