Definition

Chronic lymphadenitis is when one or more lymph nodes are infected or inflamed for a long time. Lymph nodes help the body get rid of bacteria and viruses.

They are found in the neck, armpits, and groin.

Swollen Lymph Nodes Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Lymphadenitis is usually caused by an infection in the skin, ear, nose, or eye. It then spreads to the lymph nodes. Other causes are:

• Strep or staph infections
• Tonsillitis
• Viral infections such as:
  • HIV
  • Genital herpes
  • Mononucleosis
• Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
• Leukemia or lymphoma
• Sickle cell anemia
• Kawasaki disease

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in children under 12 years of age. Things that may raise the risk are:

• Having an infection that causes it
• Being in close contact with someone who has an infection that causes it
• Having contact with animals

Symptoms

Symptoms are:

• Swollen, painful, or hard lymph nodes—may be one or many nodes, one area of the body or widespread
• Skin over a node that is red and warm to the touch
• Fever
• Problems swallowing or breathing
• Neck stiffness

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health past. A physical exam may be done. There are many things that can cause lymph swelling. Tests to find a cause may include:

• Blood tests
• Lymph node biopsy
• Ultrasound

Treatment

Treatment depends on the cause. Options may be:

• Medicines such as:
  • Antibiotics to treat infection
  • NSAIDs to reduce inflammation (aspirin may be advised for adults only)
• Home care such as hot, moist compresses to help relieve pain
• Surgery to drain pockets of pus

Prevention

The risk of this health problem may be lowered by:

• Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
• Washing hands regularly
• Treating infections early