Definition

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a disease that results in deep and painful lumps under the skin, often in the armpits or groin. They may also be found under the breasts and between the buttocks.

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Causes

HS happens when hair follicles become blocked. It is not known why this happens.

Genes, the environment, and problems with the immune system may also play a role.

Risk Factors

HS is more common in women. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Having family members who have HS
• Smoking—present or past
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Metabolic syndrome
• High cholesterol

Symptoms

The problem often starts when a person is in their 20s. Problems may be:

• Burning, itching, or painful lumps in the armpits, groin, under the breasts, or between the buttocks
• Pus leaking from breaks in the lumps
• Scarring

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. It will focus on your skin. This is often enough to make the diagnosis.

Treatment

The goal of care is to control outbreaks. Options are:

• Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, and wearing loose clothing
• Medicines, such as:
  • Antibiotics
  • Corticosteroids
  • Biologic agents
  • Retinoids
  • Hormonal therapy

People with severe symptoms may need a surgery or procedure to remove the painful lumps.

Prevention

There are no known guidelines to prevent this problem.