Definition

Erysipelas is an infection of the upper layers of the skin. It can lead to other problems if left untreated.

Causes

Erysipelas is caused by germs called bacteria. These germs live on the skin or come from other sources. They can enter the skin through a cut or injury to the skin. Once in the skin, the germs can grow and spread to the surrounding skin layers.

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Risk Factors

Erysipelas is more common in infants, young children, and older adults. Other things that raise the risk are:

• Any damage to the skin, such as a cut, scratch, blister, burn, puncture, ulcer, or bite
• Certain skin conditions, such as:
  • Athlete’s foot
  • Eczema
  • Impetigo
  • Herpes simplex infection
• Lymphedema
• Venous insufficiency
• Obesity

Symptoms

Erysipelas often affects the face, arms, or legs. However, it can happen anywhere on the skin.

Symptoms may be:

• Skin that is warm, red, firm, and swollen
• Blisters
• Pain or tenderness
• Swollen glands or lymph nodes
• Fever or chills

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The doctor can diagnose erysipelas based on a skin exam.

Tests may be done if treatment does not help or there are other health problems. Tests may include:

• Blood tests
• Cultures of blisters
• Skin biopsy—a sample of affected skin is taken and tested

Treatment

The goal is to treat the infection. Antibiotics are given by IV, pills, or liquids by mouth.

Underlying conditions may also be treated.

Prevention

The risk of erysipelas may be lowered by:

• Treating conditions that raise the risk
• Antibiotics to prevent infection—in those who have skin infections often