Definition

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a set of symptoms caused by abnormal pressure on the ulnar nerve. The nerve passes through the cubital tunnel on the inside of the elbow. Problems with this nerve can cause a weak hand grip and numbness in the ring and small finger.

Pressure on the ulnar nerve can cause problems in the hand and fingers. Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

This problem is caused by pressure of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. The cause is not always known. In some people, it may be from:

• Stress on the elbow from long periods of time with the elbow in a bent position or with pressure on the elbow
• Injury to the elbow, such as a direct blow
• Bleeding, swelling, or fluid buildup at the elbow

Risk Factors

Things that can raise the chance of this problem are:

• Repetitive motion, such as with hard labor
• Leaning on or holding the elbow in a bent position for long time, such as with heavy phone users, musicians, baseball players, or cyclists
• Joint disorders, such as gout or arthritis
• A past elbow injury
• A past surgery on or around the ulnar nerve

Symptoms

Symptoms may happen all the time or only when the elbow is bent. They may be:

• Numbness or tingling in the small and ring fingers
• A weak grip
• Poor finger coordination
• Pain in the elbow or forearm

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. A diagnosis can usually be made based on your symptoms.

It may be confirmed with these tests:

• Nerve conduction tests to find out how well nerves are passing electrical signals
• Electromyography (EMG) to check the electrical activity of the muscles

Treatment

This problem often goes away on its own. Activities that are causing the problem may need to be stopped. Other steps may be:

• A splint, brace, or padding to keep the elbow straight and ease pressure
• Exercises and therapy to help with strength, range of motion, and flexibility

Prevention

There are no guidelines to prevent this problem.