Definition

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a buildup of fat in the liver that is not caused by drinking alcohol.

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Causes

NAFLD happens when the liver cannot break down fats and they build up in liver tissue. Many health problems can make it hard for the liver to break down fats.

Risk Factors

Things that may raise the risk of NAFLD are:

• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Metabolic syndrome
• High triglyceride levels
• A large waistline
• Severe weight loss
• Some medicines
• Exposure to certain chemicals

Symptoms

Most people do not have symptoms. Those who do may have:

• Fatigue
• Pain in the upper right side of the belly
• Muscle weakness
• Yellowing of the skin and the white part of the eyes

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

Blood tests will be done to look for raised liver enzymes.

Images may be taken to look at the liver. This can be done with:

• Ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI scan

A sample of the liver may be tested. This can be done with a liver biopsy.

Treatment

The cause of NAFLD will need to be treated. Options may be:

• Working with a dietitian to eat a healthful diet to lose weight
• Exercising regularly
• Medicine to treat the cause of NAFLD

People with severe symptoms may need bariatric surgery.

Prevention

The risk of NAFLD can be lowered with diet and exercise.