Definition

A hematoma is a collection of blood. A subdural hematoma (SDH) happens in the space between the covering of brain (the dura) and the brain. It can put pressure on the brain.

Causes

SDH is most often caused by a head injury. This may be due to traumas such as car accidents, assault, and falls.

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Risk Factors

This problem is more common in men, older adults, infants, and toddlers, and people on blood-thinning medicines. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Alcohol use disorder
• Epilepsy
• Dialysis
• Easy bleeding or bruising

Symptoms

The blood may pool quickly or take some time to build up. This will affect how fast symptoms happen.

Problems may be:

• Headache
• Changes in thinking or behavior
• Bruising around the head or eyes
• Vision problems
• Speech problems
• Loss of consciousness

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

Pictures may be taken of the brain and the structures around it. This can be done with:

• CT scan
• MRI scan

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the size and severity of the SDH. It will also depend on the symptoms a person is having. Options are:

• Monitoring the injury for changes
• Medicines to ease brain swelling, such as steroids
• Surgery to ease pressure on the brain

Prevention

This problem is often caused by a head injury. These can be hard to prevent.