Definition

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a loss in memory. It does not get in the way of day-to-day tasks but can make it hard to make decisions and use language. MCI may raise the risk of getting dementia and Alzheimer disease later in life.

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Causes

The causes are not clear. It may be caused by early brain changes of dementia or Alzheimer disease.

Risk Factors

MCI is more common in people over 65 years of age. Things that may raise your risk are:

• Family history of MCI, dementia, or Alzheimer disease
• Smoking
• Health problems, such as depression, diabetes, and stroke
• Inactivity
• Low levels of vitamin D

Symptoms

Symptoms may be:

• Forgetfulness
• Irritability
• Lack of emotion
• Getting upset easily
• Problems making decisions
• Forgetting how to do tasks

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. Cognitive tests will also be done. The doctor may also talk with family members and caregivers.

More tests may be done to confirm the diagnosis. For example:

• Blood tests may be done to look for genetic mutations.
• A lumbar puncture may also be done to check the fluid around the brain and spine.
• Images may be taken of the brain. This can be done with an MRI or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment is aimed at managing symptoms. Healthy habits can ease impact of symptoms. Steps may include:

• Cognitive training to improve memory and function
• Getting light exercise
• Eating a healthful diet that includes fish

Prevention

Healthy habits may lower the risk of MCI in some people. This means exercising, eating a healthful diet, not smoking, and staying mentally active.