Definition

Antibiotic-associated colitis is an inflammation of the large intestine. It happens when there is too much Clostridium difficile (C. diff) bacteria in the intestines after taking antibiotics.

The Stomach, Liver, and Intestines Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Antibiotics can kill good bacteria in the large intestine. It does not kill C. diff . Instead, it grows with no control and makes toxins. This bothers the lining of the intestine and causes swelling.

Risk Factors

This problem happens in people who use antibiotics. It is also more common in older adults and people staying in care centers.

Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Being very sick or having a weakened immune system
• Using medicines that reduce stomach acid
• Having other digestive problems, such as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis
• Past surgery on the digestive system
• Chemotherapy

Symptoms

Problems may be:

• Watery diarrhea that may have mucus in it
• Belly pain
• Fever
• Lack of hunger
• Nausea

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

Tests that may be done are:

• A stool sample to look for signs of infection.
• Blood tests to look for signs of infection
• A colonoscopy to view the inside of the large intestine
• A CT scan to view the large intestine

Treatment

The goal is to treat the infection. Choices are:

• Stopping antibiotics or switching to one that treats this infection
• Having a stool transplant from a healthy donor to balance bacteria in the intestine
• Surgery to remove part of an intestine that has a lot of damage

Prevention

Antibiotics should only be taken when they are given by a doctor.