Definition

Brain tumors are abnormal growths in the brain.

There are two main types:

• Primary—A tumor starts in the brain.
• Secondary—Cancer spreads to the brain from another site in the body. The most common come from lung cancer.

Brain Tumor Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Cancer is when cells in the body split without control or order. They go on to form a growth or tumor. The term cancer refers to harmful growths. These growths attack nearby tissues. They also spread to the brain or spinal cord. It's not clear what causes this. It’s likely a mix of genes and the environment.

Risk Factors

Your chances are higher if you:

• Were exposed to radiation
• Have problems with your immune system
• Have people in your family with the same problems

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the tumor's size and where it is. A growing tumor will often have fluid buildup around it. Fluid puts pressure on the brain. Pressure may cause:

• Headaches—grow worse over weeks or months
• Seizures
• Nausea
• Vomiting—mainly in the morning
• Weak arms or legs
• Loss of feeling in arms or legs
• Personality changes
• Drowsiness
• Problems with:
  • Walking
  • Hearing
  • Vision
  • Speech
  • Memory

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. Your answers and a physical exam may point to a brain tumor. You may also have:

• An exam to test your muscle strength and movement
• Imaging tests such as:
  • MRI scan
  • CT scan
  • PET scan
  • PET/CT scan
  • Arteriogram
• Biopsy —a sample of the tumor is studied in a lab

There are many types of tumors. Test results and a biopsy will help find the type. Knowing this helps with a care plan.

Treatment

Care depends on the tumor type and where it is. Some methods may leave you with lasting problems.

Before starting care, you may need:

• Steroids to reduce swelling and fluid buildup
• Antiseizure medicines

Prevention

There is no way to prevent a brain tumor since the cause is unknown.