Definition

Diverticulitis is swelling and infection of diverticula. These are small pouches that can form in the wall of the large intestine.

Diverticulitis Infected pouches along the colon. Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

This problem happens when the small pouches tear or become blocked by stool.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in older adults.

Things that may raise the risk of pouches forming are:

• Obesity
• Lack of activity
• Eating a low-fiber diet—fiber softens stools and makes them pass through the bowel more easily
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or aspirin use

Symptoms

Symptoms can come on suddenly. They vary from person to person and may include:

• Pain in the lower-left part of the belly
• Cramping
• A swollen and hard belly
• Nausea and vomiting
• Lack of hunger
• Fever or chills
• Loose stools or problems passing stool
• Bleeding from the rectum

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. Blood, urine, and stool tests may also be done.

Images may be taken. This can be done with:

• X-rays
• CT scan
• Ultrasound
• MRI scan

Treatment

The goal is to treat the infection and ease symptoms. Options are:

• IV fluids or a clear liquid diet to rest the bowel
• Medicines, such as:
  • Pain relievers
  • Antibiotics to treat infection
• Draining an infected abscess
• Colectomy—surgery to remove the diseased part of the colon

Increasing dietary fiber may prevent symptoms from returning in some people.

Prevention

The risk of this problem may be lowered by:

• Eating a high-fiber diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods
• Drinking plenty of fluids
• Exercising regularly