Definition

Eczema is an inflammation of the skin. It causes areas of itchy, and red skin. Eczema may be ongoing or happen in flare ups when symptoms get worse for a time.

Causes

It is not clear what causes the inflammation to happen. Things that may play a role include:

• Genetics
• Environment
• Allergies

Risk Factors

Things that may increase the risk of eczema are:

• Having asthma or allergies
• Living in city or places with low humidity
• Eczema or allergies in family members
• Regular contact with things that irritate the skin such as:
  • Fabrics
  • Perfumes in soaps
  • Dust mites (common)
  • Rubber gloves for people sensitive to latex
• Stress—scratching can be a habit with stress
• Washing area often
• Scratching or rubbing of skin
• Medicine that lowers the immune system
• Excess weight or obesity

Symptoms

Eczema may cause some of the following:

• Dry, itchy skin (very common)
• Red rashes on the cheeks, arms, and legs
• Red, scaly skin
• Thick, leathery skin
• Small, raised bumps on the skin
• Crusting, oozing, or cracking of the skin

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The diagnosis is often made based on how the skin looks. Tests may be done to rule out other problems or to look for an infection.

Treatment

Eczema cannot be cured. Treatment can help to ease itching and redness. It may also reduce the number of flare ups.

Treatment to ease symptoms may include:

Prevention

There are no steps to prevent eczema. Flare ups may be prevented through steps above.