Definition

Female sexual dysfunction refers to health problems that cause a woman to feel distress in one or more of these areas:

• Desire
• Arousal
• Orgasm
• Pain

Causes

This problem may be caused by one or more of the following:

• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or menopause
• Cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy
• Certain health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer
• Female health problems, such as infections, endometriosis, and pelvic organ prolapse
• Certain medicines, such as antidepressants and blood pressure lowering medicine
• Relationship problems with one's partner
• Past trauma, such as sexual abuse
• Mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and stress

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Risk Factors

The risk of this problem increases with age. The risk is also higher in women who have any of the causes listed above.

Symptoms

This problem causes a woman distress due to:

• Lack of interest in sex
• Not being able to become or maintain arousal during sex
• Not being able to orgasm
• Pain during sexual activity

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. You will also be asked about your sexual history. A physical exam will be done. A pelvic exam may also be done if you are having any pain.

The doctor may look for signs of infection. This can be done with:

• Urine tests
• Cervical or vaginal fluid tests

Treatment

The cause will need to be treated. Medical and non-medical treatments may be used. Some choices are:

• Lubricants to ease pain, dryness, and irritation during sex
• Stopping or changing medicines that are causing problems
• Estrogen to ease pain and dryness
• Mental health therapy
• Lifestyle changes, such as exercising regularly and limiting alcohol

Prevention

The risk of this problem may be lowered by managing chronic health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and mental health issues.