Definition

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder marked by chronic, exaggerated worrying and anxiety about everyday life. The worry is so severe that it interferes with a person's ability to live their life.

Causes

GAD may be caused by:

• An abnormal neurotransmitter system
• Genetics
• Environmental factors
• Developmental factors
• Psychological factors

Risk Factors

GAD is nearly twice as common in women than in men. Other factors that may increase your chances of GAD:

• Family members with an anxiety disorder
• Increase in stress
• Exposure to physical or emotional trauma
• Unemployment, poverty
• Drug abuse
• Medical condition or disability
• History of self-harm as a teenager, with or without suicidal intent

Symptoms

Symptoms of GAD usually develop slowly. People with GAD often have both psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety.

Psychological symptoms include:

• Excessive ongoing worrying and tension
• Feeling tense or edgy
• Irritability, overly stressed
• Difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness

Physical symptoms may include:

• Muscle tension
• Lightheadedness
• Trembling
• Difficulty sleeping
• Restlessness
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• Heart palpitations
• Chest pain
• Choking sensation
• Abdominal discomfort
• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Numbness or tingling

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People with GAD often have other anxiety disorders, depression, and/or substance use disorders.

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical and psychiatric exam will be done. Conditions with similar symptoms will be evaluated. Blood and urine tests may be done.

You will be asked about any medications that you are taking, including over the counter products, herbs, and supplements. Some medications can cause side effects similar to the symptoms of GAD. You will also be asked about any other substances that you may be using such as nicotine, caffeine, illegal drugs, prescription medications, and alcohol.

To make a diagnosis of GAD, symptoms must:

• Be present more days than not
• Be present for at least 6 months
• Interfere with your life such as causing you to miss work or school

You may be referred to a psychotherapist for further evaluation.

Treatment

Counseling with or without medicine can help to manage GAD symptoms. It can ease impact on day-to-day life.

Prevention

There are no current guidelines to prevent GAD because the cause is unknown.