Definition

Paronychia is inflammation or infection of the skin around a fingernail or toenail.

It may be acute, which means it just started. Chronic means it causes problems for 6 weeks or more.

Infection Surrounding the Nail Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Acute paronychia is often caused by bacteria. It enters through damaged skin such as torn cuticles, cuts, or cracks. Chronic paronychia may be caused by an allergen or irritant that you come in contact with often.

Risk Factors

Things that may increase your chance of paronychia include:

• Diabetes
• Suppressed immune system
• Work that has contact with chemicals or water, such as food service, cleaning, dentistry, bartending, hairdressing, and nursing
• Nail-biting or picking, and finger sucking
• Damage from aggressive trimming of nails or cuticles
• Ingrown nail

Symptoms

Paronychia may cause:

• Redness and swelling of the skin around the nail
• Pus near the nail
• Pain and tenderness to the touch
• Change in nail color or ridges on nail
• Loss of the cuticle

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. The doctor can see paronychia during the exam. A sample of the pus may be taken. It will help find the germ that is causing the problem.

The doctor may also ask about work or hobbies that may be linked to the problem.

Treatment

Prevention

To help reduce your chances of paronychia:

• Keep your hands and feet clean and dry. Use a moisturizer after hand washing.
• Wear rubber gloves if you often come in contact with water or chemicals.
• Avoid biting or picking your nails.
• Avoid cutting, pulling, or tearing your cuticles.
• Avoid artificial nails, vigorous manicures, or treatments that remove the cuticles.
• Practice proper hygiene. Do not share bathroom supplies.