Definition

Reye syndrome is a buildup of fat and swelling in most organs. It's most harmful to the liver and brain. It is a serious but rare condition.

Causes

The cause is not known. It may be a combination of genetics and the environment.

Risk Factors

This problem is more common in children 2 to 16 years of age. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Using aspirin or aspirin-based products, mainly in children who have a viral infection
• Having a recent viral illness such as:
  • A cold
  • Flu
  • Chickenpox
• Exposure to certain toxins

Symptoms

Symptoms often appear after a viral infection passes. They worsen with time.

Common problems are:

• Repeated vomiting
• Feeling tired and sleepy
• Personality changes
• Confusion
• Speaking problems
• Sensing something that is not real, such as seeing things that are not there
• Rapid or deep breathing
• Loss of consciousness
• Seizures
• Problems breathing

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and health history. You will also be asked if you had a recent viral illness. A physical exam will be done. This may be enough to suspect the diagnosis.

Other tests may be:

• Blood tests
• Lumbar puncture—to test the fluid around the brain and spinal cord
• CT scan of the brain
• MRI scan of the brain
• Liver biopsy—samples are taken and looked at in a lab

Lumbar Puncture Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Treatment

There is no cure. Emergency care will be needed, such as monitoring vital signs and giving IV fluids.

The goal of treatment is to protect the brain and other organs from damage. Choices are:

Prevention

Do not give aspirin or aspirin products to a child or teen with a current or recent viral infection.