Definition

Varicose veins are enlarged and swollen veins. They’re most common in the legs, but can happen anywhere.

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Causes

Veins carry blood back to the heart. Valves help the blood flow in the right direction. Varicose veins happen when these valves are damaged. The blood does not move as it should and pools in the veins. The extra blood stretches the vein and makes them bigger. They are also easier to see under the skin.

Risk Factors

Varicose veins are more common in women and older adults. Other things that increase the risk of varicose veins includes:

• A family history
• Hormonal changes
• Extra pressure on the veins of the pelvis—can happen with pregnancy
• Overweight
• Job where you sit or stand for long periods of time
• Smoking

Symptoms

Common problems include:

• Enlarged, twisted, and swollen veins that you can see
• Achy, tired, or a heavy feeling in the legs
• Swollen legs

Skin changes may result in:

• Rashes
• Sores that are hard to heal

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam may point to varicose veins. A Doppler ultrasound may also be done. It will help to show blood flow through veins.

Treatment

Varicose veins do not always need treatment. Steps that may help to ease pressure on the veins include:

• Not standing or sitting for long periods of time.
• Resting with your legs raised above your heart.
• Moving your legs around when standing or sitting for long periods of time.

Prevention

Steps to decrease the risk of varicose veins include:

• Lose excess weight if you need to.
• Get regular physical activity.
• Don’t stand or sit for long periods of time. Move around when you can.