Definition

Lymph nodes are found throughout the body. They are part of the body’s immune system. These nodes help fight infection by making white blood cells. They also work by trapping bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells. Normally, lymph nodes cannot be felt unless they are swollen. Infection, usually by a virus, is the most common cause of lymph node swelling. Other causes include bacterial infection and cancer.

With this type of biopsy, the doctor removes all or part of a lymph node so it can be further examined.

Reasons for Procedure

This biopsy is done to find out why a node is swollen. Swelling may be caused by infection, cancer, or another disease such as sarcoidosis.

Common areas for biopsy include:

• Groin
• Armpit
• Neck
• Under the jaw and chin
• Behind the ears

Possible Complications

Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Swelling
• Nerve damage, including numbness at the biopsy site, which usually resolves in a few months

What to Expect

Call Your Doctor

Call your doctor if any of these occur:

• Signs of infection, including fever and chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the incision site
• New or unexpected symptoms

If you think you have an emergency, call for emergency medical services right away.