Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were the first antidepressant drugs invented. While they are quite effective, they can be dangerous if combined with the wrong foods, drugs, or supplements. The substance tyramine, found in some cheeses, beer, fermented soy products, and other foods, is particularly dangerous to combine with these medications. Stimulant drugs such as pseudoephedrine can also cause problems.
Antidepressants in this family include furazolidone (Furoxone), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine sulfate (Nardil), and tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate) among others.
Interaction
Substance: Ephedra
Effect: Dangerous Interaction
Because it contains the stimulant ephedrine, combining the herb ephedra with MAO inhibitors can rapidly produce a severe, dangerous interaction and must be avoided.1 In the US, it is illegal to sell products containing ephedra.
Interaction
Substance: Scotch Broom
Effect: Dangerous Interaction
The herb scotch broom contains high levels of tyramine, so it should not be taken with MAO inhibitors.2
Interaction
Substance: Green Tea
Effect: Probable Dangerous Interaction
Because it contains caffeine, green tea should not be combined with MAO inhibitors.
Interaction
Substance: Ginseng
Effect: Possible Dangerous Interaction
According to one report, the combination of ginseng and the MAO inhibitor phenelzine caused worrisome symptoms.3 While this may have been due to caffeine contamination of the ginseng, we would recommend that you avoid ginseng–MAO inhibitor combinations at this time.
Interaction
Substance: St. John's Wort
Effect: Possible Dangerous Interaction
Current thinking suggests that St. John's wort functions somewhat similarly to SSRI (selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor) antidepressants. Since SSRIs should not be combined with MAO inhibitors, this herb probably should not be combined either.
Interaction
Substance: 5-Hydroxytryptophan , S-Adenosylmethionine
Effect: Possible Dangerous Interactions
Based on one case report 4 and current thinking on how they work, SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine) and 5-HTP should not be combined with MAO inhibitors.
References►
1. Tatro D, ed. Drug interaction facts. St. Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons, 1999: 1037.
2. Brinker F. Interactions of pharmaceutical and botanical medicines. J Naturopathic Med 1997;7:14-20.
3. Jones BD, Runikis AM. Interaction of ginseng with phenelzine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1987;7:201-202.
4. Iruela LM, Minguez L, Merino J, Monedero G. Toxic interaction of S-adenosylmethionine and clomipramine. Am J Psych 1993;150:522.
Last reviewed December 2015 by EBSCO CAM Review Board Last Updated: 12/15/2015