Definition

Superficial thrombophlebitis is inflammation of a vein close to the surface of the skin. It happens most often in the leg. The condition is easily treatable. But, it can lead to more serious health concerns.

Thrombophlebitis

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Causes

A blood clot close causes superficial thrombophlebitis.

Risk Factors

Your chances of superficial thrombophlebitis are higher for:

• Women, mainly over 65 years old
• An injury, mainly to the lower leg
• Blood clotting problems
• Sitting for long periods of time
• Prolonged bed rest
• History of vein problems
• Certain cancers
• Paralysis
• Family history of blood clotting problems
• Obesity
• Pregnancy

Symptoms

Superficial thrombophlebitis may cause:

• A cord like vein you can see. It may be tender when it’s touched. You may notice it develop over several hours to days.
• Redness and warmth surrounding the vein.
• Swelling around the vein.

Complications include:

• Deep vein thrombosis —a blood clot in the deeper veins that causes blocked blood flow
• Pulmonary embolism —happens when the blood clot breaks free and gets lodged in the lungs

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. You may have:

• A physical exam
• Blood tests
• Imaging tests such as:
  • Duplex scanning—venous Doppler ultrasound
  • Venogram

Treatment

In most cases, superficial thrombophlebitis goes away on its own after a few weeks. If needed, care may involve:

• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen
• Exercise
• Compression stockings
• Warm compress on the inflamed vein
• Elevation
• Blood thinners
• Procedures to remove the blood clot

Prevention

To help lower your chances of superficial thrombophlebitis:

• Walk around the cabin and stretch your limbs every hour or so when you fly.
• Pull over every hour or so and stretch your limbs when you drive.