Definition

Cat scratch fever is a bacterial infection. It can start after a scratch or bite from a cat, kitten, or rarely a dog.

For some it can become a serious condition that needs care.

Causes

Cat scratch fever is caused by bacteria found in fleas. The bacteria are passed to cats through flea bites.

Risk Factors

Cat scratch fever is most common in children and adolescents. It is more common in the southern U.S.. The main risk is being bitten or scratched by a cat or kitten.

Symptoms

Symptoms of cat scratch fever may be:

• A crusting sore or blister at the bite or scratch site
• Swollen, painful lymph nodes
• Flu-like symptoms such as:
  • Fever and chills
  • Feeling tired and weak
  • Body aches and headaches
  • Sore throat
• Nausea, lack of hunger, and weight loss
• Eye redness

Swollen Lymph Nodes Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Rarely, people develop serious problems, such as infections of the:

• Brain ( encephalitis)
• Bones
• Heart valves
• Liver (hepatitis) or spleen
• Lungs ( pneumonia)

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor may suspect cat scratch fever based on symptoms and a recent bite or scratch. Blood tests can confirm the diagnosis. If symptoms are unusual or severe, other tests may be done.

Treatment

Cat-scratch fever will often pass on its own, without treatment. Those with more severe symptoms will need treatment. Options may be:

• Over-the-counter pain relievers—to manage discomfort
• Antibiotics by mouth or IV—for people who are very ill or have weak immune systems
• Lymph node drainage—a needle is used to drain very swollen or very painful nodes

Prevention

To reduce the risk of cat scratch fever:

• Keep pets free of fleas.
• Try to avoid scratches or bites from cats or kittens.