Thoracic Outlet Syndrome(TOS)Pronounced: tho-RASS-ik OUT-let SYN-drome
by
Cynthia M. Johnson, MA DefinitionThe thoracic outlet is the site of the lower neck and upper chest. It has a many nerves, blood vessels, muscles, and bones that run through a small site. Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is when the nerves and blood vessels are squeezed, irritated, or harmed.
Risk Factors TOPYour risk of TOS is raised if you have:
Symptoms TOPTOS may cause:
Diagnosis TOPYour doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor will ask you to hold your arms and head in positions that may cause TOS. The results of these tests will help show whether you have TOS. You may also have:
Pictures may be taken with:
Treatment TOPTreatment depends on the symptoms that you have. In most cases, TOS is treated with pain medicine and physical therapy. MedicationYou may need to take:
Physical TherapyA therapist will make an exercise plan. It will help to ease symptoms by relaxing nearby muscles, making your posture better, and easing pressure on nerves and blood vessels. Lifestyle Changes TOPYou may need to:
Surgery TOPIf other treatments fail, your doctor may advise surgery. The goal is to move or remove the source of the pressure. In some people, this may mean taking out part or all of the first rib. This can make more room for the nerves and blood vessels. Prevention TOPTOS can’t be prevented. RESOURCES:Occupational Safety and Health Administration https://www.osha.gov The Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma http://www.nismat.org CANADIAN RESOURCES:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety http://www.ccohs.ca Public Health Agency of Canada http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca References:Crotti FM, Carai A, Carai M, et al. TOS pathophysiology and clinical features.
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Hand Clin. 2004;20(1):119-121. Last reviewed May 2018 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Rimas Lukas, MD Last Updated: 6/25/2018 | |
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