Definition

A shoulder labral tear is tear of the labrum. The labrum is the tissue that helps hold the end of the arm bone, known as the humerus, in place.

Shoulder Joint The tool and arrow point to the labrum (cartilage) of the glenoid. Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Causes

Shoulder labral tears occur from an injury or through long-term wear and tear. Common causes include the following:

• Dislocated shoulder
• A violent overhead reach, such as when trying to stop a fall or slide

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of a labral tear include:

• Participation in certain sports, such as:
  • Baseball (pitchers)
  • Golf
  • Weightlifting
  • Tennis
• Falling onto your shoulder
• Repetitive movements of the shoulder
• Lifting heavy objects
• Breaking a fall with your arms
• Direct blow to the shoulder

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• Shoulder and/or arm pain
• Catching or loosening feeling of the shoulder
• Loss of shoulder range of motion
• Weakness of shoulder and/or arm
• Pain with shoulder movement
• Popping or grinding sensation
• Achiness of the shoulder

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Imaging tests to evaluate the shoulder and surrounding structures may include:

• MRI scan
• CT scan

Treatment

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. You will likely be referred to a specialist such as an orthopedic surgeon. Treatment options include the following:

In a shoulder arthroscopy, a surgeon inserts a thin, lighted tube through a small incision to view the injury and fix it. Small instruments are threaded through this tube. The torn ligament/tissue may be removed or sewn together. Wires or tacks may also be used to reattach any torn tendons.

After surgery, a sling will need to be worn. When the sling is removed, a physical therapist can help to gradually strengthen the arm muscles and increase motion.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of a shoulder labral tear:

• Use the proper technique when playing sports.
• Avoid putting yourself at risk for trauma to the shoulder area.
• Perform stretching and strengthening exercises that target the shoulder area.