Constipation
by
Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD DefinitionConstipation is infrequent and/or uncomfortable bowel movements. Bowel movements (stools) are often hard and dry. This is a common gastrointestinal complaint. Causes TOPConstipation has many causes, including:
Risk Factors TOPConstipation is more common in older adults. Risk factors include:
Symptoms TOPSymptoms include:
When Should I Call My Doctor?Call your doctor if you:
Diagnosis TOPYou will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. It may include a digital rectal exam of the rectum with the doctor's gloved, lubricated finger inserted into your rectum. Your bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with blood tests. Your bodily structures may need to be viewed. This can be done with:
Treatment TOPTreatment may include: Understanding Normal Bowel MovementsTalk to your doctor about what is a normal frequency of bowel movements for you. The range of normal is quite broad. Some people have several per day, while others may have very few over a period of days Making Lifestyle Changes
Taking Laxatives, Stool Softeners, or Glycerin Suppositories TOPRegularly using laxatives or enemas can be habit forming. Your bowels can become used to these products and require them to produce a stool. Stool softeners, though, are not habit-forming. Ask your doctor about how often and for how long to use these products. Examples of medications include:
Retraining Your Bowels TOPSet aside the same time each day to move your bowels. Typically, this works best first thing in the morning. Sit on the toilet for 15-20 minutes. Over time, your body will learn to have regular bowel movements at the same time each day. Using Biofeedback TOPBiofeedback may be effective in certain conditions. By working with a therapist, you learn how to control certain muscles that can help you to move your bowels. Treating Underlying Conditions TOPWork with your doctor to treat other conditions that may be causing your constipation. Changing Medications TOPIf you are taking medication that causes constipation, talk to your doctor to find out if you can take a different medication. If you are taking opioids to relieve pain, you may have constipation. A medication called methylnaltrexone may help to reduce this side effect. Having Surgery TOPIf you have severe, chronic constipation, your doctor may recommend surgery. Prevention TOPTo reduce your chance of getting constipation:
RESOURCES:American Gastroenterological Association http://www.gastro.org National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases http://www.niddk.nih.gov References:Camilleri M, Kerstens R, Rykx A, Vandeplassche L. A placebo-controlled trial of prucalopride for severe chronic constipation.
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Last reviewed November 2018 by
EBSCO Medical Review Board
James Cornell, MD Last Updated: 12/20/2014 | |
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