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Conditions and Diseases – Skeletal and Muscular Systems

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This collection focuses on conditions related to the skeletal and muscular systems.

These comprehensive and concise factsheets are physician-reviewed and reflect the most current, evidence-based information. Relevant sources are provided for each fact sheet.

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A
  • Aarskog-Scott syndrome
  • Abdominal muscle strain
  • AC Joint Separation
  • Achilles' tendinopathy
  • Achilles' tendinosis
  • Achilles tendon rupture
  • Achilles' tendonitis
  • Achondroplasia
  • Achondroplastic dwarfism
  • ACL injury
  • Acromegaly
  • Acromioclavicular joint separation
  • ACS
  • Acute compartment syndrome
  • Adhesive capsulitis
  • Age-related cramps
  • AL amyloidosis
  • AL amyloidosis
  • ALS
  • Amyloid light chain amyloidosis
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Ankle fracture
  • Ankle sprain
  • Ankyloglossia
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Anserine tendinobursitis syndrome
  • Anserine tendonitis
  • Anterior cruciate ligament injury
  • Arnold neuralgia
  • Arthritis, gouty
  • Arthritis, osteo-
  • Arthritis, psoriatic
  • Arthritis, rheumatoid
  • Arthritis
      Arthritis
    • Osteoarthritis
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Aseptic necrosis of the hip
  • ASH—adult
  • ASH—child
  • Asymmetric septal hypertrophy—adult
  • Asymmetric septal hypertrophy—child
  • Athletic amenorrhea
  • Avascular necrosis of the hip—adult
  • Avascular necrosis of the hip—child
B
  • Bacterial arthritis
  • Baker cyst
  • Baseball finger
  • Bicipital tendinopathy
  • Bicipital tendonitis
  • Bone cancer
  • Bone fracture
      Bone fracture
    • Ankle fracture
    • Cervical fracture
    • Clavicle fracture—adult
    • Coccyx fracture
    • Collarbone fracture
    • Elbow fracture
    • Femur fracture
    • Finger fracture
    • Foot fracture
    • Forearm fracture
    • Hip fracture
    • Neck fracture
    • Nose fracture
    • Rib fracture
    • Scapula fracture
    • Shinbone fracture
    • Shoulder Blade fracture
    • Spinal fracture
    • Stress fracture
    • Tibia fracture
    • Toe fracture
    • Vertebral compression fracture
    • Wrist fracture
  • Boutonniere deformity
  • Bowel incontinence—adult
  • Boxer fracture
  • Brachial plexus injury
  • Brachial plexus palsy
  • Brachycephaly
  • Broken foot
  • Broken kneecap
  • Buckle fracture of forearm
  • Burner
  • Bursitis
C
  • C2 neuralgia
  • Calcific tendonitis of the shoulder
  • Calcifying tendonitis
  • Calf muscle strain
  • Cancer of the cartilage
  • Cancer
      Cancer
    • Bone cancer
    • Ewing sarcoma
    • Osteosarcoma
  • Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic - adult
  • Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic - child
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Cartilage cancer
  • Cavus foot
  • Cervical fracture
  • Chondromalacia patella
  • Chondrosarcoma
  • Chronic compartment syndrome
  • Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
  • Chronic neck pain
  • Clavicle fracture—adult
  • Claw foot
  • Cleft lip
  • Cleft palate
  • Closed skull fracture
  • Clubfoot
  • Coccydynia
  • Coccygalgia
  • Coccygeal pain
  • Coccygodynia
  • Coccyx fracture
  • Collarbone fracture
  • Colles fracture
  • Compartment syndrome, acute
  • Compartment syndrome, chronic
  • Compartment syndrome, exercise-induced
  • Compartment syndrome, recurrent
  • Complete prolapse
  • Congenital dislocation of the hip
  • Congenital dysplasia of the hip
  • Congenital dysplasia/dislocation of the hip [CDH]
  • Congenital hip dislocation
  • Congenital hip dysplasia
  • Congenital hip subluxability
  • Congenital kyphosis
  • Congenital subluxability of the hip
  • Contractures
  • Costochondritis
  • Coxa Plana
  • Craniofacial dysotosis
  • Crouzon syndrome
  • Cyst, ganglion
D
  • DDH
  • de Quervain disease
  • Degenerative disc disease
  • Degenerative disc disease
  • Degenerative joint disease
      Degenerative joint disease
  • Dermatomyositis—adult
  • Developmental sysplasia of the hip
  • Deviated nasal septum
  • Dinner-fork deformity of the wrist
  • Disc, herniated
  • Dislocated finger
  • Dislocated hip
  • Dislocated shoulder
  • Dislocated toe
  • Dislocation, toe
  • Dislocation, finger
  • Dislocation, hip
  • Distal radius fracture
  • DMD
  • Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  • Dupuytren contracture
  • Dysplasia of the hip, developmental
E
  • Elbow Dislocation
  • Elbow fracture
  • Elbow sprain
  • Elbow, broken
  • Elbow, little league
  • Enterocutaneous fistula
  • Entero-entereal fistula
  • Epigastric hernia
  • Erb palsy
  • Erb-duchenne paralysis
  • Ewing family of tumors—adult
  • Ewing family of tumors—child
  • Ewing sarcoma—adult
  • Ewing sarcoma—child
  • Exercise ischemia
  • Exercise myopathy
  • Exercise-induced compartment syndrome
  • Exercise-related menstrual dysfunction
F
  • Faciodigitogenital dysplasia
  • Fallen arches
  • Fatigue fracture
  • Fecal incontinence—adult
  • Female athlete triad
  • Femur fracture
  • Fibromyalgia
  • Fibromyalgia syndrome
  • Fibula shaft fracture
  • Fifth metacarpal fracture
  • Finger dislocation
  • Finger extensor tendon injury
  • Finger fracture
  • Finger rlexor tendon injury
  • Finger sprain
  • Flat head syndrome
  • Flatfoot
  • Floating shoulder
  • FM
  • FMS
  • Focal dystonia
  • Foot fracture
  • Forearm fracture
  • Forearm muscle strain
  • Fracture, bone
      Fracture, bone
    • Ankle fracture
    • Buckle fracture of forearm
    • Cervical fracture
    • Clavicle fracture—adult
    • Coccyx fracture
    • Collarbone fracture
    • Elbow fracture
    • Femur fracture
    • Fibula shaft fracture
    • Finger fracture
    • Foot fracture
    • Forearm fracture
    • Hip fracture
    • Neck fracture
    • Nose fracture
    • Rib fracture
    • Scapula fracture
    • Shinbone fracture
    • Spinal fracture
    • Stress fracture
    • Tibia fracture
    • Toe fracture
    • Torus fracture
    • Vertabral compression fracture
    • Wrist fracture
  • Fracture, distal radius
  • Fracture, foot
  • Fracture, march stress
  • Fracture, patella
  • Fracture, rib
  • Fracture, sacral stress
  • Fracture, skull and facial
  • Fracture, stress
  • Fracture, toe
  • Fracture, wrist
  • Frozen shoulder
  • Funnel chest
G
  • Gamekeeper's thumb
  • Ganglion
  • Ganglion cyst
  • Gastrocnemius muscle injury
  • Gastrocnemius strain
  • Gastrocnemius tear
  • Gastrointestinal fistula
  • Gastroschisis--Child
  • Giant cell arteritis
  • Glenoid labrum tear
  • Gluteal strain
  • Golfer's elbow
  • Goosefoot bursitis
  • Gouty arthritis
  • Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Groin hernia - child
  • Groin pull
  • Groin strain
  • Growing pains
  • Growth plate fracture
H
  • Hammer toe
  • Hamstring strain
  • Hand injury
  • Hand trauma
  • HCM—adult
  • HCM—child
  • Head injury
  • Hemifacial spasm
  • Hernia, groin—child
  • Hernia, inguinal—child
  • Hernia, umbilical
  • Herniated disc
  • Herniation of nucleus pulposus
  • Herpes zoster oticus
  • Heterotopic ossification
  • High arched foot
  • Hip dislocation
  • Hip fracture
  • Hip labral tears
  • Hip pointers
  • HNP
  • HO
  • HOCM - adult
  • HOCM - child
  • Hunchback
  • Hyaluronic acid injection
  • Hyperkyphosis
  • Hyperlordosis
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - adult
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - child
  • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy - adult
  • Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy - child
  • Hypovitaminosis D
I
  • Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis - adult
  • Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis - child
  • Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy—adult
  • Iliotibial band friction syndrome
  • Infectious arthritis
  • Infrapatellar tendinopathy
  • Inguinal hernia - child
  • Injection, hyaluronic acid
  • Injection, trigger point
  • Internal prolapse
  • Ipsilateral fractures of the clavicle and scapular neck
  • Irritable hip
  • Ischemic necrosis of the hip
  • Ischemic necrosis of the hip—adult
  • Ischemic necrosis of the hip—child
J
  • JDM
  • Jersey finger
  • Joint pain, sacroiliac
  • Jumper's knee
  • Juvenile chronic polyarthritis
  • Juvenile dermatomyositis
  • Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
K
  • Kearns-Sayre syndrome
  • Knee sprain
  • Kneecap fracture
L
  • Labral tear, shoulder
  • Lateral epicondylitis
  • LCPD
  • Le Fort fracture
  • Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
  • Leigh syndrome
  • Ligament sprain
      Ligament sprain
    • Ankle sprain
    • Elbow sprain
    • Finger sprain
    • Knee sprain
    • Neck sprain
    • Shoulder sprain
    • Toe sprain
    • Wrist sprain
  • Little League elbow
  • Loss of movement
  • Low back pain
  • Lower leg break
M
  • Mallet finger
  • Mandible fracture
  • March stress fracture
  • Marie-Strumpell disease
  • Maxillary fracture
  • MD
  • Medial apophysitis
  • Medial distal tibial syndrome, MDTS
  • Medial epicondylitis
  • Medial tibial stress syndrome
  • Medial tibial syndrome
  • Meniscal tear
  • Metatarsalgia
  • Metatarsalphalangeal joint sprain
  • MFP
  • MFP
  • Mid back pain
  • Middle back pain
  • Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
  • Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes
  • Mitochondrial myopathy
  • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy
  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • MTSS
  • Mucosal prolapse
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Muscle contraction headache
  • Muscle cramps
  • Muscle Strain, forearm
  • Muscle strain
      Muscle strain
    • Calf strain
    • Gastrocnemius strain
    • Gluteal strain
    • Groin strain
    • Hamstring strain
    • Quadriceps strain
  • Muscular dystrophy
  • Mutilating hand injuries
  • Myoclonic epilepsy associated with ragged red fibers
  • Myoclonus
  • Myofascial pain syndrome
N
  • Navicular fracture
  • Neck fracture
  • Neck pain, chronic
  • Neck sprain
  • Neuropathy, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa
  • Nocturnal leg cramps
  • Nocturnal muscle cramps
  • Nose fracture
  • Nursemaid’s elbow
O
  • Occipital neuralgia
  • Omphalocele—child
  • Open skull fracture
  • Oral-facial clefts
  • Oropharyngeal cancer
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Osgood-Schlatter disease
  • Osteitis
  • Osteitis deformans
  • Osteoarthritis
      Osteoarthritis
  • Osteocartilaginous exostosis
  • Osteochondritis
  • Osteochondritis dissecans of the hip
  • Osteochondroma
  • Osteochondrosis
  • Osteogenic sarcoma - child
  • Osteomalacia
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Osteonecrosis of the hip—adult
  • Osteonecrosis of the hip—child
  • Osteoporosis
      Osteoporosis
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Osteosarcoma - child
  • Overuse elbow injury related to throwing
P
  • Paget disease
  • Pain in ball of foot
  • Pain, coccygeal
  • Pain, tailbone
  • Paralysis
  • Paralysis agitans
  • Paraplegia
  • Partial prolapse
  • Partially dislocated elbow
  • Patella fracture
  • Patellar apicitis
  • Patellar Dislocation
  • Patellar fracture
  • Patellar tendinopathy
  • Patellar tendinosis
  • Patellar tendonitis
  • Patellofemoral pain syndrome
  • PCL tear
  • Pearson syndrome
  • Pectus excavatum
  • Pelvic fracture
  • Perineural cyst
  • Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET)—adult
  • Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors—child
  • Peroneal nerve injury
  • Peroneal tendinopathy
  • Peroneal tendon Injury
  • Peroneal tendonitis
  • Pes anserine bursitis
  • Pes cavus
  • Pes planus
  • Pitcher's shoulder
  • Plagiocephaly
  • Plantar fasciitis
  • PMR
  • PNET—child
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
  • Polymyositis
  • Popliteal cyst
  • Positional skull deformity
  • Posterior cruciate ligament injury
  • Posterior tibial tendinopathy
  • Posterior tibial tendonitis
  • Postural kyphosis
  • Presacral tumor
  • Progressive external ophthalmoplegia
  • Prolapsed disc
  • PsA
  • Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystophy
  • Psoriatic arthritis
  • Pulled elbow
  • Pulled groin muscle
  • Pulled muscle
  • Pulled muscle in abdomen
  • Pulled muscle, forearm
  • Pulled muscle
      Pulled muscle
    • Pulled calf muscle
    • Pulled gluteal muscle
    • Pulled groin muscle
    • Pulled hamstrings
    • Pulled quadriceps
  • Pyogenic arthritis
Q
  • Quadriceps strain
  • Quadriceps tendonitis
R
  • Radial head subluxation
  • Radial nerve entrapment
  • Radial tunnel syndrome
  • Ramsay Hunt syndrome
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Rectal prolapse
  • Recurrent compartment syndrome
  • Retrorectal tumor
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
      Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Rib fracture
  • Rickets
  • Rotator cuff injury
  • Rotator cuff tendinosis
  • Rotator cuff tendonitis
  • Roundback of the spine
  • Runner's knee
  • Rupture, Achilles tendon
  • Ruptured disc
S
  • Sacral nerve root cyst
  • Sacral stress fracture
  • Sacroiliac joint pain
  • Saddle back
  • Salter-Harris fracture
  • Sarcoma, osteogenic—child
  • Scaphocephaly
  • Scapula fracture
  • SCFE
  • Scheuermann kyphosis
  • Sciatica
  • Scleroderma
  • Scoliosis-adultScoliosis-child
      Scoliosis-adultScoliosis-child
  • Septic arthritis
  • Sesamoid fracture
  • Severely torn achilles tendon
  • Shaking palsy
  • Shin splints
  • Shinbone fracture
  • Shoulder dislocation
  • Shoulder instability
  • Shoulder labral tear
  • Shoulder Separation
  • Shoulder sprain
  • Shoulder tendinopathy
  • Shoulder tendonitis
  • Skier's tumb
  • Skull and facial fracture
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
  • Slipped disc
  • Slipped vertebra
  • Spasticity
  • Spigelian hernia
  • Spike soreness
  • Spike soreness
  • Spinal fracture
  • Spinal stenosis
  • Spinal tumor
  • Spinous process fracture
  • Spondylolisthesis
  • Spondylolysis
  • Spondylolysis of the sacrum
  • Sprain big toe
  • Sprain, knee
  • Sprain, wrist
  • Sprain
      Sprain
    • Ankle sprain
    • Elbow sprain
    • Finger sprain
    • Knee sprain
    • Neck sprain
    • Shoulder sprain
    • Toe sprain
    • Wrist sprain
  • Still disease
  • Strain, abdominal muscle
  • Strain, adductor
  • Strain, groin
  • Strain, muscle
  • Strain, muscle
      Strain, muscle
    • Calf strain
    • Gastrocnemius strain
    • Gluteal strain
    • Groin strain
    • Hamstring strain
    • Quadriceps strain
  • Strangulation
  • Stress fracture
  • Stress fracture of metatarsal bone
  • Stress fracture, march
  • Stress-related anterior lower leg pain
  • Supraspinatus tendonitis
  • Swimmer's shoulder
  • Synovitis
  • Systemic sclerosis
T
  • Tailbone pain
  • Talipes
  • Talipes equinovarus
  • Tarlov cyst
  • Tarsal navicular fracture
  • Temporomandibular disorder
  • Tendinopathy
  • Tendinopathy, Peroneal
  • Tendinopathy, shoulder
  • Tendinosis
  • Tendonitis
  • Tendonitis, Peroneal
  • Tendonitis, shoulder
  • Tennis elbow
  • Tennis shoulder
  • Tenosynovitis
  • Thigh bone fracture
  • Thoracic back pain
  • Tibia fracture
  • TMD
  • TMJ osteoarthritis
  • TMJ syndrome
  • Toe dislocation
  • Toe fracture
  • Toe sprain
  • Tongue-tie
  • Tooth abscess
  • Tooth decay
  • Tooth fracture
  • Torn meniscus
  • Torticollis
  • Torus fracture
  • Toxic synovitis
  • Transient synovitis of the hip
  • Transverse process fracture
  • Transverse wrist fracture
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Triad
  • Trigger finger
  • Trigger point injection
  • Turf toe
  • Turner syndrome
U
  • Ulnar Collateral Ligament Sprain of Thumb
  • Upper back pain
V
  • Vertabral compression fracture
  • Viscosupplementation
  • Vitamin D deficiency
  • Volkmann ischemia
W
  • Washerwoman's sprain
  • Wegener granulomatosis
  • Whiplash
  • Wrist fracture
  • Wrist sprain
Z
  • Zygomatic fracture

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