Definition

A cerebellar stroke happens when blood supply to the cerebellum is stopped. This part of the brain helps with body movement, eye movement, and balance.

There are two main types of stroke: ischemic and hemorrhagic. An ischemic stroke is the most common type.

Medical care is needed right away. Cells in the brain die if they are without oxygen for more than a few minutes. This can be deadly.

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Causes    TOP

An ischemic stroke happens when blood flow is blocked. This may be caused by:

• A clot from another part of the body that breaks off and becomes trapped in a blood vessel supplying the brain
• A clot that forms in an artery that supplies blood to the brain
• A tear in an artery supplying blood to the brain

A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a burst blood vessel. Blood pools in the brain. This slows or stops the flow of blood and causes a buildup of pressure on the brain.

Risk Factors    TOP

This problem is more common in older adults and people with a family history of stroke.

Problems that affect blood vessel health and blood flow can raise the risk of stroke. Some examples are:

• History of transient ischemic attacks (TIA)
• Lack of physical activity
• Smoking
• Alcohol use disorder
• Obesity or metabolic syndrome
• Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Heart diseases or injury such as previous heart attack, atrial fibrillation or enlarged heart
• Diseases of blood vessels such as carotid artery stenosis or atherosclerosis
• Drug abuse from cocaine, amphetamines, or heroin use

Daily habits can also play a role. Some examples are:

• Smoking
• A diet that is high in saturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, and sodium
• Physical inactivity
• Drug abuse from cocaine, amphetamines, or heroin use

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms start suddenly and may be:

• Problems coordinating motion in the limbs or trunk
• Trouble walking, including problems with balance
• A feeling of spinning when a person is still
• Muscle weakness or tremors
• Headache
• Problems chewing, swallowing, and speaking
• Problems sensing pain and temperature
• Nausea and vomiting
• Hearing and vision problems
• Loss of consciousness

Diagnosis    TOP

A stroke needs to be diagnosed quickly. The doctor will ask you or a family member about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor will look for signs of nerve or brain problems.

Blood tests may be done to look for clotting problems.

Images may be taken of the brain. This can be done with:

• CT scan
• Angiogram —to look at the heart and its blood supply
• CT angiogram
• MRI scan
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
• Doppler ultrasound

Heart function will be checked. This can be done with:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to look at the heart's electrical activity
• Echocardiogram to look at the heart's muscle movements

Treatment    TOP

Emergency care will be needed. The heart and lungs may need support. A tube may also be placed to help with breathing. Other options are:

Prevention    TOP

The risk of stroke can be lowered by:

• Managing chronic health problems, such as high blood pressure and diabetes
• Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
• Eating a diet that is low in fat and cholesterol and rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
• Not smoking
• Limiting alcohol