Varicocele is a widening of blood vessels in the scrotum. The scrotum is the pouch that contains the testes in males.
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Most blood normally flows out of the scrotum through a main vein. A series of valves helps the blood move through the veins. If a valve is not working well blood can backup in the vein and stretch it out. Over time the vein widens because of the constant pressure.
You will be able to see or feel a varicocele. It is an enlarged or twisted vein in the scrotum. It may become larger when standing or straining. You may also see shrinkage of the testicles.
You will be asked about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The doctor can make the diagnosis based on the physical exam.
An ultrasound may be done if complications are expected.
Treatment is not required in all cases.
Treatment may be done to block off the faulty vein and allow blood to flow out through other veins.
Reproductive Facts—American Society for Reproductive Medicine
http://www.reproductivefacts.org
Urology Care Foundation
http://www.urologyhealth.org
The College of Family Physicians of Canada
http://www.cfpc.ca
Health Canada
https://www.canada.ca
Tekgul S, Riedmiller H, et al. Varicocele in children and adolescents. Guidelines on paediatric urology. European Association of Urology. 2009;23-25.
Varicocele in children and adolescents. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at:
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Accessed January 28, 2021.
Varicocele. Kid's Health—Nemours Foundation website. Available at:
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Accessed January 28, 2021.
Varicoceles. Urology Care Foundation website. Available at:
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Accessed January 28, 2021.
Last reviewed March 2020 by EBSCO Medical Review Board Chelsea Skucek, MSN, BS, RNC-NIC