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Quick Reference Source

Our quick reference sources cover the basics of cancer. From causes and symptoms to prevention and treatments, get the quick facts on cancers, precancers, and benign tumors. Learn more about screening, diagnostic, and treatment interventions. All fact shees are physician-reviewed and reflect evidence-based research. Relevant sources are provided for each fact sheet.

To see animated versions of selected procedures, click Videos & Animations.

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Browse by Condition | Browse by Intervention | Browse Alphabetically

Browse by Condition

Cancers
Precancers
Noncancerous Tumors

Cancers

  • Adrenocortical carcinoma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Bladder cancer
  • Bone cancer
  • Brain tumor and brain cancer—adult
  • Breast cancer
  • Cervical cancer
  • Colon cancer
  • Endometrial cancer
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Ewing's sarcoma
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis
  • Gallbladder cancer
  • Hairy cell leukemia
  • Hodgkin's disease (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma
  • Kidney cancer
  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Leukemia
  • Liver cancer
  • Lung cancer
  • Lymphedema
  • Melanoma
  • Meningioma
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Nasopharyngeal cancer
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Non-hodgkin's lymphoma
  • Oropharyngeal cancer
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Primary lymphedema
  • Prostate cancer
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Secondary lymphedema
  • Skin cancer
  • Soft tissue sarcoma
  • Stomach cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Throat cancer
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Tongue cancer
  • Uterine cancer
  • Von-hippel lindau disease
  • Wilms' tumor

Precancers

  • Barrett's esophagus
  • Cervical dysplasia
  • Colon polyps
  • Human papillomavirus/genital warts
  • Moles

Noncancerous Tumors

  • Acoustic neuroma
  • Arrhenoblastoma
  • Colon polyps
  • Fibroids
  • Human papillomavirus/genital warts
  • Meningioma
  • Moles
  • Von-hippel lindau disease

Browse by Intervention

Screening
Diagnostic
Treatment

Screening

  • Barium enema
  • Colonoscopy
  • Colposcopy
  • Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy
  • HPV blood test
  • Mammogram
  • Pap tests
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

Diagnostic

  • Abdominal paracentesis
  • Barium enema
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Bone scan
  • Biopsy
  • Breast needle biopsy
  • Breast open biopsy
  • Breast surgical biopsy
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Chest x-ray
  • Colonoscopy
  • CT scan, abdomen
  • CT scan, head
  • Cytoscopy
  • Dilation and curettage (D&C)
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Fine needle biopsy
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) blood test
  • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
  • KUB (kidneys, ureter, bladder)
  • Laparoscopy
  • Laryngoscopy
  • LEEP
  • LLEC—large loop excision of the cervix
  • LLETZ—large loop excision of the transformation zone
  • Loop cone biopsy of the cervix
  • Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
  • Lumpectomy (partial mastectomy)
  • Mammogram
  • MRI scan
  • Pap (Papanicolaou) test
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
  • PSA testing
  • Renal ultrasound
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy
  • Skin biopsy
  • Skin lesion removal
  • Spinal tap
  • Thoractomy
  • Ultrasound, abdominal
  • Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series

Treatment

  • Abdominal paracentesis
  • Acoustic neuroma removal
  • Adrenalectomy
  • Blood transfusion
  • Bone marrow transplant
  • Breast reconstruction
  • Cervical cryosurgery
  • Chemotherapy
  • Colon polyp removal
  • Colon polypectomy
  • Colorectal resection
  • Dilation and curettage (D&C)
  • Gastrostomy
  • Hysterectomy
  • Laparoscopy
  • Laryngectomy
  • Lumpectomy (partial mastectomy)
  • Mastectomy
  • Melanoma removal
  • Myomectomy
  • Oophorectomy
  • Ovarian cyst removal
  • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
  • Prostatectomy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Skin lesion removal
  • Small bowel resection
  • Splenectomy
  • Thoractomy
  • Thyroidectomy
  • Tracheotomy
  • Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
  • Upper GI Endoscopy

Browse Alphabetically

  • Abdominal paracentesis
  • Acoustic neuroma
  • Acoustic neuroma removal
  • Adrenalectomy
  • Adrenocortical carcinoma
  • Arrhenoblastoma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Barium enema
  • Barrett's esophagus
  • Biopsy
  • Bladder cancer
  • Blood transfusion
  • Bone cancer
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Bone marrow transplant
  • Bone scan
  • Brain tumor and brain cancer—adult
  • Breast cancer
  • Breast needle biopsy
  • Breast open biopsy
  • Breast reconstruction
  • Breast surgical biopsy
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Cervical cancer
  • Cervical cryosurgery
  • Cervical dysplasia
  • Chemotherapy
  • Chest x-ray
  • Colon cancer
  • Colon polyp removal
  • Colon polypectomy
  • Colon polyps
  • Colonoscopy
  • Colorectal resection
  • Colposcopy
  • CT scan, abdomen
  • CT scan, head
  • Cytoscopy
  • Dilation and curettage (D&C)
  • Endometrial biopsy
  • Endometrial cancer
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Ewing's sarcoma
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis
  • Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
  • Fibroids
  • Fine needle biopsy
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy
  • Gallbladder cancer
  • Gastrostomy
  • Hairy cell leukemia
  • Hodgkin's disease (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
  • HPV blood test
  • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) blood test
  • Human papillomavirus/genital warts
  • Hysterectomy
  • Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
  • Kaposi's sarcoma
  • Kidney cancer
  • KUB (kidneys, ureter, bladder)
  • Laparoscopy
  • Laryngeal cancer
  • Laryngectomy
  • Laryngoscopy
  • LEEP
  • Leukemia
  • Liver cancer
  • LLEC—large loop excision of the cervix
  • LLETZ—large loop excision of the transformation zone
  • Loop cone biopsy of the cervix
  • Loop electrosurgical excision procedure
  • Lumpectomy (partial mastectomy)
  • Lung cancer
  • Lymphedema
  • Mammogram
  • Mastectomy
  • Melanoma
  • Melanoma removal
  • Meningioma
  • Moles
  • MRI scan
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Myomectomy
  • Nasopharyngeal cancer
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Non-hodgkin's lymphoma
  • Oophorectomy
  • Oropharyngeal cancer
  • Osteosarcoma
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Ovarian cyst removal
  • Pancreatic cancer
  • Pap (Papanicolaou) test
  • Pap tests
  • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
  • Primary lymphedema
  • Prostate cancer
  • Prostatectomy
  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
  • PSA testing
  • Radiation therapy
  • Renal ultrasound
  • Retinoblastoma
  • Secondary lymphedema
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy
  • Skin biopsy
  • Skin cancer
  • Skin lesion removal
  • Small bowel resection
  • Soft tissue sarcoma
  • Spinal tap
  • Splenectomy
  • Stomach cancer
  • Testicular cancer
  • Thoractomy
  • Throat cancer
  • Thyroid cancer
  • Thyroidectomy
  • Tongue cancer
  • Tracheotomy
  • Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)
  • Ultrasound, abdominal
  • Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series
  • Upper GI Endoscopy
  • Uterine cancer
  • Von-hippel lindau disease
  • Wilms' tumor

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