Definition

An anal abscess is a pus-filled pocket in the spaces around the anus and rectum. It may be near the surface of the anal opening or deeper in the rectum.

Causes    TOP

This problem is caused by a bacterial infection. It may happen when there is a blockage in one or more of the anal glands. Or it may be from an anal fistula.

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Risk Factors    TOP

Anal abscesses are more common in men. Other things that may raise the risk are:

• Certain health problems, such as Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, or sexually transmitted infections
• Medicines that suppress the immune system
• Pregnancy
• Anal intercourse
• Diabetes

Symptoms    TOP

Symptoms depend on where the abscess is located. Problems may be:

• Painful bowel movements
• Pain and tenderness from an abscess that is near the surface
• Lower belly pain from an abscess that is deeper in the rectum
• Redness and swelling of an abscess that is near the surface
• Drainage
• Fever

Diagnosis    TOP

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done. An abscess near the surface of the skin may be seen during the exam. A digital exam of the rectum may need to be done.

Imaging tests are not usually needed, but may be:

• Ultrasound
• MRI scan
• CT scan

Treatment    TOP

An anal abscess needs to be drained right away. The type of procedure depends on its location and depth.

Medicines may also be needed to ease pain and swelling.

Prevention    TOP

The risk of this problem can be lowered by managing health problems that raise the risk of infection.