Definition

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic problem. White blood cells called phagocytes are not able to kill some types of bacteria and fungi. This can lead to frequent and deadly infections.

Causes

CGD is caused by one of five faulty genes. One type of CGD is x-linked, meaning the faulty gene is passed from mother to son. The other four types are recessive. This means one of the faulty genes is passed from each parent to their child.

Risk Factors

The x-linked form of CGD is more common in males.

Symptoms

Symptoms usually start in early childhood. Often, a baby will have a history of frequent infections that do not respond to treatment.

Problems may be:

• Swollen glands in the neck
• Belly pain
• Lasting diarrhea
• Nausea and vomiting
• Areas of skin that are swollen, red, warm, and tender
• Bone pain
• Joint pain

Bacterial Skin Infection

Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and health history. A physical exam will be done.

A blood test or tissue biopsy will be done to look for signs of CGD or the faulty gene.

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms. Choices are:

• Medicines, such as:
  • Antibiotics or antifungals to treat infections
  • Steroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat inflammation
  • Antimicrobial medicine and interferon-gamma to prevent future infections
• Surgery to treat complications, such as abscesses

A stem cell transplant may be done. It may cure the disease in some people. It is not right for everyone.

Prevention

There are no known ways to prevent this health problem.